The military has made three coups against civilian governments to ensure “preservation of the Republic as defined by Mustafa Kemal.” (Yavuz, 2000) The Kemalist military-bureaucratic establishment plays a key role in Turkey’s governance. Because of this, Turkey is still stuck between “anti-democratic secularism and anti-Western democracy.” (Yavuz, 1998) On the one hand, Kemalism’s proclamations are “progress” and “Westernization”. On the other hand, it involves “dogmatism” and “authoritarianism.” Moreover, Kemalism is poorly adapted to a “society-centered quest” for “multicultural identity” and democracy.